Arquivos: Glossário

Difference between the value of goods produced and the cost of materials and supplies used in producing them.

All upstream and downstream activities associated with the operations of the organization.

Development interventions which look at whole value chain, from access to means of production, possibly processing, and marketing to the end user or consumer. The actual intervention will target bottlenecks or critical links in the chain, which offer opportunities or remove constraints for a desired outcome.

The value factor is an attribute of stocks that are chosen by factor investors. The value factor is based on a belief that stocks that are inexpensive relative to some measure of fundamental value outperform those that are pricier. The value factor has a long history in financial research starting in 1930s when academics developed […]

Norms and precepts that guide human judgment and action.

Value-at-risk is a statistical measure of the riskiness of financial entities or portfolios of assets. It is defined as the maximum dollar amount expected to be lost over a given time horizon, at a pre-defined confidence level. For example, if the 95% one-month VAR is $1 million, there is 95% confidence that over the next […]

A vanilla option is a simple call or put option with no special features or observation dates. It gives the holder a time-limited right, but not obligation, to buy or sell an instrument at a predetermined price, in exchange for a premium. The premium is based on a number of factors, including the volatility of […]

The gas given off by substances that are solids or liquids at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperatures.

Vapor-phase migration of volatile organic compounds or volatile inorganic compounds into occupied buildings from underlying contaminated groundwater or soil.

See Value-at-risk.