Estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea-ice, and sea surface temperatures over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a value over a specified reference period. When estimating changes in GMST, near-surface air temperature over both land and oceans are also used. See also Land surface air temperature, Sea surface temperature (SST) and Global mean surface air temperature (GSAT).
GLOBAL MEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE (GMST)
