(SEMs) Rough, upper-bound methods for estimating emissions. Members may use SEMs for any combination of emission sources and/or gases, provided that corresponding emissions do not exceed 10% of the CO2 e sum of reported Scope 1, Scope 2, combustion-based direct biogenic emissions and combustion-based indirect biogenic emissions associated with consumed energy. The higher Scope 2 total must be used to total Scope 1, Scope 2, combustion-based direct biogenic emissions and combustion-based indirect biogenic emissions associated with consumed energy.