The linear take-make-use-dispose model refers to a mode of production and consumption where resources are extracted, used up, and discarded without any consideration of their end of life stage or their regenerative capacity. This contrasts with the circular economy model and closed-loop recycling strategies, that aim to minimize the depletion of natural resources and reduce waste and pollution by keeping materials, products and resources in use for as long as possible, through iterative cycles of resource recovery and regeneration.(1)