Non-CO2 emissions included in this report are all anthropogenic emissions other than CO2 that result in radiative forcing. These include short-lived climate forcers, such as methane (CH4), some fluorinated gases, ozone (O3) precursors, aerosols or aerosol precursors, such as black carbon and sulphur dioxide, respectively, as well as long-lived greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O) or other fluorinated gases. The radiative forcing associated with non-CO2 emissions and changes in surface albedo is referred to as non-CO2 radiative forcing.